Conversely, the lower shoulder anterior force in sidearm pitchers may indicate lower stress on shoulder joint capsule and rotator cuff.ģ-quarter pitching arm slot kinematics and kinetics overhand pitching shoulder and elbow throwing. The greater elbow flexion torque and shoulder external rotation exhibited by sidearm pitchers may increase their risk of labral injury. The overhand group had the greatest elbow flexion at foot contact and greatest trunk forward tilt at ball release. Additionally, the sidearm group demonstrated the lowest peak knee height, most closed foot angle, greatest pelvis angular velocity, and shoulder external rotation. At ball release, trunk contralateral tilt and shoulder abduction were greatest for the overhand group and least for sidearm group. Standing at 66, Blackwell was a sidearm pitcher who developed into a submarine-style pitcher, and his delivery was neither natural nor good for his arm. The comparisons showed the sidearm group had less shoulder anterior force, whereas the overhand group had the least elbow flexion torque. 01) was employed to assess differences among groups.
Based upon arm slot angle at ball release, 30 overhand, 156 three-quarter, and 21 sidearm pitchers were tested using a 240-Hz motion analysis system, and 37 kinematic and kinetic parameters were calculated. It was hypothesized that kinematic and kinetic differences would be found among the 3 groups, with sidearm pitchers demonstrating greater movement along the transverse plane and overhead pitchers demonstrating greater movement along the sagittal plane.
SUBMARINE PITCHERS PROFESSIONAL
The purpose of this study was to assess biomechanical differences among overhand, 3-quarter, and sidearm arm slot professional baseball pitchers.
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